ERF_SimplifiedSEB.H File Reference

Simplified SEB – the two-stream model's surface energy balance, as pure functions. More...

#include <AMReX_GpuControl.H>
#include <AMReX_Math.H>
#include <AMReX_FArrayBox.H>
#include <cmath>
#include <ERF_Constants.H>
#include <ERF_MicrophysicsConstants.H>

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Functions
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	diagnose_seb_residual (amrex::Real sw_net, amrex::Real lw_net, amrex::Real hfx, amrex::Real lh, amrex::Real grdflx)
	Diagnose the surface energy balance residual. More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	prognostic_dTs_dt (amrex::Real seb_residual, amrex::Real t_s, amrex::Real t_deep, amrex::Real c_s, amrex::Real tau)
	Compute prognostic surface temperature tendency using force-restore formulation. More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	prognostic_dqs_dt (amrex::Real le, amrex::Real q_s, amrex::Real q_deep, amrex::Real d_s, amrex::Real tau_q)
	Compute prognostic surface moisture tendency using force-restore formulation. More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	seb_moisture_availability (amrex::Real q_s, amrex::Real q_wilt, amrex::Real q_fc)
	Moisture availability beta of the force-restore surface, from its water content. More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	seb_canopy_resistance_without_vpd (amrex::Real rs_min, amrex::Real rs_max, amrex::Real rgl, amrex::Real t_opt, amrex::Real lai, amrex::Real sw_down, amrex::Real t_canopy, amrex::Real soil_factor)
	Canopy resistance to transpiration [s/m] without its vapour-deficit factor. More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	seb_soil_evaporation_resistance (amrex::Real theta, amrex::Real theta_sat, amrex::Real theta_wilt, amrex::Real b, amrex::Real d1, amrex::Real p)
	Resistance of bare soil to evaporation [s/m], Noah-MP's ground-evaporation option 1 (Sakaguchi and Zeng 2009; ResistanceGroundEvaporationMod): vapour diffuses through a dry surface layer whose thickness grows as the top soil dries,. More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	seb_soil_surface_relative_humidity (amrex::Real theta, amrex::Real theta_sat, amrex::Real psi_sat, amrex::Real b, amrex::Real t_ground)
	Relative humidity of the air in the top soil's pores, Noah-MP's for bare ground (ResistanceGroundEvaporationMod), so that bare soil evaporates from RH * q_sat(T): More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	seb_soil_heat_capacity (amrex::Real theta, amrex::Real theta_sat, amrex::Real c_soil)
	Volumetric heat capacity of unfrozen soil [J/m^3/K], as Noah-MP forms it (SoilThermalPropertyMod): water theta * 4.188e6, solids (1 - theta_sat) * c_soil, and the air in the remaining pores (theta_sat - theta) * 1004.64 (Noah-MP's constant, applied per unit volume as Noah-MP does). More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	seb_soil_thermal_conductivity (amrex::Real theta, amrex::Real theta_sat, amrex::Real quartz)
	Thermal conductivity of unfrozen soil [W/m/K], Noah-MP's Johansen form (SoilThermalPropertyMod): solids 7.7^q 2^(1-q) for quartz fraction q, saturated lambda_solid^(1-theta_sat) 0.57^theta_sat, dry (0.135 g + 64.7)/(2700 - 0.947 g) with g = 2700 (1 - theta_sat), blended by the Kersten number log10(theta/theta_sat) + 1 (0 below a saturation of 0.1). More...
AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real	seb_force_restore_heat_capacity (amrex::Real lambda, amrex::Real c, amrex::Real tau)
	Surface heat capacity [J/m^2/K] of the force-restore balance for a soil of volumetric heat capacity c and conductivity lambda: the heat capacity of the layer the diurnal wave penetrates, c d / (2 sqrt(pi)) with d = sqrt(lambda tau / c) (Deardorff 1978), i.e. sqrt(lambda c tau / pi) / 2 for a restore period tau [s]. More...

Detailed Description

Simplified SEB – the two-stream model's surface energy balance, as pure functions.

The residual diagnosis below, the force-restore tendencies of the skin temperature and soil water (prognostic_dTs_dt, prognostic_dqs_dt), the soil's moisture availability (seb_moisture_availability), the canopy and bare-soil resistances to evaporation (seb_canopy_resistance_without_vpd, seb_soil_evaporation_resistance), the relative humidity of bare soil's pore air (seb_soil_surface_relative_humidity), and the soil's thermal properties (seb_soil_heat_capacity, seb_soil_thermal_conductivity, seb_force_restore_heat_capacity).

Surface Energy Balance Equation: R_net(i,j) = SW_net(i,j) + LW_net(i,j) = [sw_flux_sfc(i,j)] + [lw_flux_sfc(i,j)]

SEB_residual(i,j) = R_net(i,j) - hfx_sfc(i,j) - lh_sfc(i,j) - grdflx_sfc(i,j)

Where:

• sw_flux_sfc: net shortwave flux at surface [W/m^2]
• lw_flux_sfc: net longwave flux at surface [W/m^2]
• hfx_sfc: sensible heat flux (H) [W/m^2]
• lh_sfc: latent heat flux (LE) [W/m^2]
• grdflx_sfc: ground heat flux (G) [W/m^2]

A perfectly closed budget gives SEB_residual = 0; non-zero residual indicates energy not accounted for by the four main SEB terms.

References:

• Oke, T. R., 1987: Boundary Layer Climates (2nd ed.), Routledge.

Function Documentation

diagnose_seb_residual()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real diagnose_seb_residual	(	amrex::Real	sw_net,
		amrex::Real	lw_net,
		amrex::Real	hfx,
		amrex::Real	lh,
		amrex::Real	grdflx
	)

Diagnose the surface energy balance residual.

Computes the SEB residual from net radiative flux and turbulent/ground heat fluxes. All inputs are guarded with amrex::Math::isfinite() to safely handle NaN/Inf; if any input is non-finite, returns 0.0 (safe no-op).

GPU Safety:

• AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE
• No host-side I/O
• No dynamic allocation
• Safe for use in device reduction kernels

Parameters

[in]	sw_net	Shortwave net flux at surface [W/m^2]
[in]	lw_net	Longwave net flux at surface [W/m^2]
[in]	hfx	Sensible heat flux [W/m^2]
[in]	lh	Latent heat flux [W/m^2]
[in]	grdflx	Ground heat flux [W/m^2]

Returns

SEB residual [W/m^2] = (sw_net + lw_net) - hfx - lh - grdflx Returns 0.0 if any input is non-finite (NaN or Inf)

{
    // Guard all inputs against non-finite values (NaN, Inf)
    if (!amrex::Math::isfinite(sw_net) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(lw_net) ||
        !amrex::Math::isfinite(hfx) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(lh) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(grdflx)) {
        return 0.0;  // Safe no-op: return zero residual if any input is invalid
    }
 
    // Compute net radiation
    amrex::Real r_net = sw_net + lw_net;
 
    // Compute SEB residual
    amrex::Real seb_residual = r_net - hfx - lh - grdflx;
 
    return seb_residual;
}

Referenced by TwoStreamRadiation::advance().

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prognostic_dqs_dt()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real prognostic_dqs_dt	(	amrex::Real	le,
		amrex::Real	q_s,
		amrex::Real	q_deep,
		amrex::Real	d_s,
		amrex::Real	tau_q
	)

Compute prognostic surface moisture tendency using force-restore formulation.

Computes dq_s/dt from latent heat flux and restoring term toward deep soil moisture: dq_s/dt = -(LE / (L_v * rhor * d_s)) - (1/tau_q) * (q_s - q_deep)

Constants:

• L_v = 2.5e6 J/kg (latent heat of vaporization)
• rhor = 1000.0 kg/m^3 (water density, from ERF_MicrophysicsConstants.H)

All inputs are guarded with amrex::Math::isfinite() to safely handle NaN/Inf; if any input is non-finite, any parameter is non-positive (d_s <= 0, tau_q <= 0), returns 0.0 (safe no-op).

GPU Safety:

• AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE
• No host-side I/O
• No dynamic allocation
• Safe for use in device kernels

Parameters

[in]	le	Latent heat flux [W/m^2]
[in]	q_s	Current surface moisture: the volumetric water content [m^3/m^3] of a soil layer d_s deep, which is what LE / (L_v rhor d_s) drains
[in]	q_deep	Deep soil moisture, in q_s's units
[in]	d_s	Effective surface moisture layer depth [m]
[in]	tau_q	Moisture force-restore timescale [s]

Returns

Moisture tendency dq_s/dt [1/s, in q_s's units] Returns 0.0 if any input is non-finite or any parameter is non-positive

{
    // Guard all inputs against non-finite values
    if (!amrex::Math::isfinite(le) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(q_s) ||
        !amrex::Math::isfinite(q_deep) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(d_s) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(tau_q)) {
        return 0.0;  // Safe no-op
    }
 
    // Validate parameter ranges
    if (d_s <= 0.0 || tau_q <= 0.0) {
        return 0.0;  // Safe no-op for invalid parameters
    }
 
    // L_v and rhor both come from ERF_Constants.H. A local L_v here shadowed
    // the global one, and a local water density duplicated rhor.
 
    // Compute tendency: -(LE / (L_v * rhor * d_s)) - (1/tau_q) * (q_s - q_deep)
    amrex::Real le_term = -(le / (L_v * rhor * d_s));
    amrex::Real restore_term = (1.0 / tau_q) * (q_s - q_deep);
    amrex::Real dq_s_dt = le_term - restore_term;
 
    return dq_s_dt;
}

Referenced by TwoStreamRadiation::advance().

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prognostic_dTs_dt()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real prognostic_dTs_dt	(	amrex::Real	seb_residual,
		amrex::Real	t_s,
		amrex::Real	t_deep,
		amrex::Real	c_s,
		amrex::Real	tau
	)

Compute prognostic surface temperature tendency using force-restore formulation.

Computes dT_s/dt from SEB residual and restoring term toward deep soil temperature: dT_s/dt = SEB_residual / C_s - (2*pi/tau) * (T_s - T_deep)

All inputs are guarded with amrex::Math::isfinite() to safely handle NaN/Inf; if any input is non-finite, any parameter is non-positive (C_s <= 0, tau <= 0), returns 0.0 (safe no-op).

GPU Safety:

• AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE
• No host-side I/O
• No dynamic allocation
• Safe for use in device kernels

Parameters

[in]	seb_residual	SEB residual [W/m^2] = R_net - H - LE - G
[in]	t_s	Current surface temperature [K]
[in]	t_deep	Deep soil temperature [K]
[in]	c_s	Effective surface heat capacity [J/(m^2*K)]
[in]	tau	Force-restore timescale [s]

Returns

Temperature tendency dT_s/dt [K/s] Returns 0.0 if any input is non-finite or any parameter is non-positive

{
    // Guard all inputs against non-finite values
    if (!amrex::Math::isfinite(seb_residual) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(t_s) ||
        !amrex::Math::isfinite(t_deep) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(c_s) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(tau)) {
        return 0.0;  // Safe no-op
    }
 
    // Validate parameter ranges
    if (c_s <= 0.0 || tau <= 0.0) {
        return 0.0;  // Safe no-op for invalid parameters
    }
 
    // Compute tendency: SEB_residual / C_s - (2*pi/tau) * (T_s - T_deep)
    amrex::Real seb_term = seb_residual / c_s;
    amrex::Real restore_term = (2.0 * PI / tau) * (t_s - t_deep);
    amrex::Real dt_s_dt = seb_term - restore_term;
 
    return dt_s_dt;
}

Referenced by TwoStreamRadiation::advance().

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seb_canopy_resistance_without_vpd()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real seb_canopy_resistance_without_vpd	(	amrex::Real	rs_min,
		amrex::Real	rs_max,
		amrex::Real	rgl,
		amrex::Real	t_opt,
		amrex::Real	lai,
		amrex::Real	sw_down,
		amrex::Real	t_canopy,
		amrex::Real	soil_factor
	)

Canopy resistance to transpiration [s/m] without its vapour-deficit factor.

Noah's big-leaf Jarvis form (Chen et al. 1996) on the parameters and floors of Noah-MP's canopy-resistance option 2 (ResistanceCanopyStomataJarvisMod). Noah-MP itself applies the factors per sunlit and shaded leaf, with the absorbed PAR (f = 2 PAR / RGL), the canopy temperature and canopy-air humidity, and a root-zone soil-water factor; here one big leaf takes the shortwave reaching the surface, the skin temperature, the air at the surface layer's reference height and the top layer's soil-water factor:

r_c = RS / (LAI * F_sw * F_T * F_vpd * F_soil), F_sw = (f + RS/RSMAX) / (1 + f), f = 0.55 * 2 SW_down / (RGL * LAI), F_T = 1 - 0.0016 (TOPT - T)^2,

F_soil the soil-water factor (seb_moisture_availability) and F_vpd the vapour-deficit factor, which needs the air's humidity and is applied by the surface layer (erf_surface_moisture::vapour_deficit_factor); this returns r_c * F_vpd. F_sw and F_T are floored at 1e-4 as in Noah-MP, F_soil at 1e-6 (Noah-MP's MinThr).

Returns

r_c * F_vpd [s/m], capped at 1e6 (no transpiration), which is also the value without leaves or for a non-finite input. The surface layer divides by F_vpd and caps the result at 1e6 again (erf_surface_moisture::canopy_resistance).

{
    constexpr amrex::Real no_transpiration = amrex::Real(1.0e6);
    if (!amrex::Math::isfinite(rs_min) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(rs_max) ||
        !amrex::Math::isfinite(rgl) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(t_opt) ||
        !amrex::Math::isfinite(lai) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(sw_down) ||
        !amrex::Math::isfinite(t_canopy) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(soil_factor) ||
        !(lai > amrex::Real(0.0)) || !(rgl > amrex::Real(0.0)) || !(rs_max > amrex::Real(0.0))) {
        return no_transpiration;
    }
    const amrex::Real f = amrex::Real(0.55) * amrex::Real(2.0) *
                          amrex::max(amrex::Real(0.0), sw_down) / (rgl * lai);
    const amrex::Real f_sw = amrex::max(amrex::Real(1.0e-4), (f + rs_min / rs_max) / (amrex::Real(1.0) + f));
    const amrex::Real dt = t_opt - t_canopy;
    const amrex::Real f_t = amrex::max(amrex::Real(1.0e-4), amrex::Real(1.0) - amrex::Real(0.0016) * dt * dt);
    const amrex::Real f_soil = amrex::max(amrex::Real(1.0e-6), soil_factor);
    return amrex::min(no_transpiration, rs_min / (lai * f_sw * f_t * f_soil));
}

Referenced by TwoStreamRadiation::seb_surface_moisture().

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seb_force_restore_heat_capacity()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real seb_force_restore_heat_capacity	(	amrex::Real	lambda,
		amrex::Real	c,
		amrex::Real	tau
	)

Surface heat capacity [J/m^2/K] of the force-restore balance for a soil of volumetric heat capacity c and conductivity lambda: the heat capacity of the layer the diurnal wave penetrates, c d / (2 sqrt(pi)) with d = sqrt(lambda tau / c) (Deardorff 1978), i.e. sqrt(lambda c tau / pi) / 2 for a restore period tau [s].

{
    return amrex::Real(0.5) * std::sqrt(lambda * c * tau / amrex::Real(3.14159265358979323846));
}

Referenced by RadChoice::init_params().

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seb_moisture_availability()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real seb_moisture_availability	(	amrex::Real	q_s,
		amrex::Real	q_wilt,
		amrex::Real	q_fc
	)

Moisture availability beta of the force-restore surface, from its water content.

With the prognostic balance, q_s is the volumetric water content [m^3/m^3] of a surface layer seb_moisture_layer_depth_m deep (see prognostic_dqs_dt). The surface evaporates at the potential rate when that layer is at or above field capacity, not at all at or below the wilting point, and in proportion in between:

beta = clamp((q_s - q_wilt) / (q_fc - q_wilt), 0, 1)

the "beta" closure of bucket and force-restore land surfaces. The surface layer then takes the surface mixing ratio beta * q_sat(T_s, p_s) + (1 - beta) * q_air (erf_surface_moisture::surface_mixing_ratio), so its moisture flux is beta times the potential one.

Parameters

[in]	q_s	surface-layer water content [m^3/m^3]
[in]	q_wilt	wilting point [m^3/m^3]
[in]	q_fc	field capacity [m^3/m^3], above q_wilt

Returns

beta in [0, 1]; 0 for any non-finite input or q_fc <= q_wilt

{
    if (!amrex::Math::isfinite(q_s) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(q_wilt) ||
        !amrex::Math::isfinite(q_fc) || !(q_fc > q_wilt)) {
        return amrex::Real(0.0);
    }
    const amrex::Real beta = (q_s - q_wilt) / (q_fc - q_wilt);
    return amrex::max(amrex::Real(0.0), amrex::min(amrex::Real(1.0), beta));
}

Referenced by TwoStreamRadiation::seb_surface_moisture().

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seb_soil_evaporation_resistance()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real seb_soil_evaporation_resistance	(	amrex::Real	theta,
		amrex::Real	theta_sat,
		amrex::Real	theta_wilt,
		amrex::Real	b,
		amrex::Real	d1,
		amrex::Real	p
	)

Resistance of bare soil to evaporation [s/m], Noah-MP's ground-evaporation option 1 (Sakaguchi and Zeng 2009; ResistanceGroundEvaporationMod): vapour diffuses through a dry surface layer whose thickness grows as the top soil dries,.

d_dry = d1 (exp((1 - min(1, theta/theta_sat))^p) - 1) / (e - 1), D = 2.2e-5 theta_sat^2 (1 - theta_wilt/theta_sat)^(2 + 3/b), r = d_dry / D,

with d1 the top layer's thickness and p = RSURF_EXP; 1e6 below theta = 0.01, as in Noah-MP.

{
    constexpr amrex::Real no_evaporation = amrex::Real(1.0e6);
    if (!amrex::Math::isfinite(theta) || !(theta >= amrex::Real(0.01)) ||
        !(theta_sat > amrex::Real(0.0)) || !(b > amrex::Real(0.0)) || !(d1 > amrex::Real(0.0)) ||
        !(theta_wilt < theta_sat)) {
        return no_evaporation;
    }
    const amrex::Real dry = amrex::Real(1.0) - amrex::min(amrex::Real(1.0), theta / theta_sat);
    const amrex::Real d_dry = d1 * (std::exp(std::pow(dry, p)) - amrex::Real(1.0)) /
                              (amrex::Real(2.71828) - amrex::Real(1.0));
    const amrex::Real diffusivity = amrex::Real(2.2e-5) * theta_sat * theta_sat *
        std::pow(amrex::Real(1.0) - theta_wilt / theta_sat, amrex::Real(2.0) + amrex::Real(3.0) / b);
    return amrex::min(no_evaporation, d_dry / diffusivity);
}

Referenced by TwoStreamRadiation::seb_surface_moisture().

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seb_soil_heat_capacity()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real seb_soil_heat_capacity	(	amrex::Real	theta,
		amrex::Real	theta_sat,
		amrex::Real	c_soil
	)

Volumetric heat capacity of unfrozen soil [J/m^3/K], as Noah-MP forms it (SoilThermalPropertyMod): water theta * 4.188e6, solids (1 - theta_sat) * c_soil, and the air in the remaining pores (theta_sat - theta) * 1004.64 (Noah-MP's constant, applied per unit volume as Noah-MP does).

{
    return theta * amrex::Real(4.188e6) + (amrex::Real(1.0) - theta_sat) * c_soil +
           amrex::max(amrex::Real(0.0), theta_sat - theta) * amrex::Real(1004.64);
}

Referenced by RadChoice::init_params().

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seb_soil_surface_relative_humidity()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real seb_soil_surface_relative_humidity	(	amrex::Real	theta,
		amrex::Real	theta_sat,
		amrex::Real	psi_sat,
		amrex::Real	b,
		amrex::Real	t_ground
	)

Relative humidity of the air in the top soil's pores, Noah-MP's for bare ground (ResistanceGroundEvaporationMod), so that bare soil evaporates from RH * q_sat(T):

psi = -psi_sat (max(0.01, theta) / theta_sat)^(-b), RH = exp(psi g / (R_v T)),

with Noah-MP's g = 9.80616 m/s^2 and R_v = 461.269 J/kg/K. Near 1 in moist soil, and near 0 at the wilting point (about 0.005 for silty clay loam at 325 K). Returns 1 (no reduction) for a non-finite or non-positive parameter or temperature.

{
    if (!amrex::Math::isfinite(theta) || !amrex::Math::isfinite(t_ground) ||
        !(theta_sat > amrex::Real(0.0)) || !(psi_sat > amrex::Real(0.0)) ||
        !(b > amrex::Real(0.0)) || !(t_ground > amrex::Real(0.0))) {
        return amrex::Real(1.0);
    }
    const amrex::Real psi = -psi_sat * std::pow(amrex::max(amrex::Real(0.01), theta) / theta_sat, -b);
    return std::exp(psi * amrex::Real(9.80616) / (amrex::Real(461.269) * t_ground));
}

Referenced by TwoStreamRadiation::seb_surface_moisture().

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seb_soil_thermal_conductivity()

AMREX_GPU_HOST_DEVICE AMREX_FORCE_INLINE amrex::Real seb_soil_thermal_conductivity	(	amrex::Real	theta,
		amrex::Real	theta_sat,
		amrex::Real	quartz
	)

Thermal conductivity of unfrozen soil [W/m/K], Noah-MP's Johansen form (SoilThermalPropertyMod): solids 7.7^q 2^(1-q) for quartz fraction q, saturated lambda_solid^(1-theta_sat) 0.57^theta_sat, dry (0.135 g + 64.7)/(2700 - 0.947 g) with g = 2700 (1 - theta_sat), blended by the Kersten number log10(theta/theta_sat) + 1 (0 below a saturation of 0.1).

{
    const amrex::Real lambda_solid = std::pow(amrex::Real(7.7), quartz) *
                                     std::pow(amrex::Real(2.0), amrex::Real(1.0) - quartz);
    const amrex::Real lambda_sat = std::pow(lambda_solid, amrex::Real(1.0) - theta_sat) *
                                   std::pow(amrex::Real(0.57), theta_sat);
    const amrex::Real gamma = (amrex::Real(1.0) - theta_sat) * amrex::Real(2700.0);
    const amrex::Real lambda_dry = (amrex::Real(0.135) * gamma + amrex::Real(64.7)) /
                                   (amrex::Real(2700.0) - amrex::Real(0.947) * gamma);
    const amrex::Real sat_ratio = theta / theta_sat;
    const amrex::Real kersten = (sat_ratio > amrex::Real(0.1))
                              ? std::log10(sat_ratio) + amrex::Real(1.0) : amrex::Real(0.0);
    return kersten * (lambda_sat - lambda_dry) + lambda_dry;
}

Referenced by RadChoice::init_params().

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