TurbChoice Struct Reference

#include <ERF_TurbStruct.H>

Collaboration diagram for TurbChoice:

Public Member Functions
void	init_params (int lev, int max_level, std::string pp_prefix)
	Read turbulence options for one AMR level from the input parameter database. More...
void	check_params (amrex::GpuArray< ERF_BC, AMREX_SPACEDIM *2 > &phys_bc_type)
	Validate turbulence options against physical boundary conditions. More...
void	display (int lev)
	Print turbulence settings for one AMR level. More...
bool	uses_eamxx_shoc () const noexcept
	Query whether this level uses the EAMxx SHOC PBL scheme. More...
bool	uses_native_shoc () const noexcept
	Query whether this level uses the native SHOC PBL scheme. More...
bool	uses_shoc_family () const noexcept
	Query whether this level uses any SHOC-family PBL scheme. More...
bool	kh_kv_can_differ () const noexcept
	Query whether the horizontal and vertical eddy viscosities can differ on this level. More...
bool	pbl_requires_surface_layer () const noexcept
	Query whether the selected PBL scheme requires surface-layer boundary conditions. More...
bool	pbl_suppresses_microphysics_condensation () const noexcept
	Query whether the selected PBL scheme suppresses microphysics condensation. More...

Public Attributes
LESType	les_type = LESType::None
	Selected LES closure. More...
amrex::Real	Pr_t = one / three
	Turbulent Prandtl number. More...
amrex::Real	Pr_t_inv = three
	Inverse turbulent Prandtl number. More...
amrex::Real	Sc_t = one
	Turbulent Schmidt number. More...
amrex::Real	Sc_t_inv = one
	Inverse turbulent Schmidt number. More...
amrex::Real	Cs = zero
	Smagorinsky model coefficient. More...
bool	smag2d = false
	Whether the 2-D Smagorinsky formulation is used. More...
bool	smag2d_slope_limiter = false
	Apply WRF's Smagorinsky-2D slope limiter (K_h / alpha or / alpha^2) on terrain-fitted meshes. More...
amrex::Real	smag2d_kh_cap = zero
	Cap K_h <= smag2d_kh_cap * Delta_h for Smagorinsky-2D (m/s); 0 means no cap. More...
bool	smag2d_limits_requested = false
	Whether either Smagorinsky-2D limit was given as on for this level. More...
amrex::Real	Ce = amrex::Real(0.93)
	Deardorff dissipation coefficient. More...
amrex::Real	Ce_wall = zero
	Wall value for the Deardorff dissipation coefficient. More...
amrex::Real	Ck = amrex::Real(0.1)
	Deardorff eddy-viscosity coefficient. More...
amrex::Real	Cmu0 = amrex::Real(0.5562)
	One-equation RANS Cmu0 coefficient. More...
amrex::Real	Cb = amrex::Real(0.35)
	One-equation RANS buoyancy coefficient. More...
amrex::Real	Rt_crit = -one
	Critical turbulent Reynolds number. More...
amrex::Real	Rt_min = -three
	Minimum turbulent Reynolds number. More...
amrex::Real	l_g_max = amrex::Real(30.0)
	Maximum geometric length scale. More...
amrex::Real	sigma_k = amrex::Real(0.5)
	TKE diffusivity coefficient denominator. More...
amrex::Real	theta_ref = zero
	Reference potential temperature for stable stratification. More...
StratType	strat_type = StratType::theta
	Thermodynamic variable used for stability stratification. More...
StratType	pbl_strat_type = StratType::thetav
bool	mix_isotropic = true
	Whether subgrid mixing uses isotropic length scales. More...
bool	use_Ri_correction = true
	Whether Richardson-number correction is applied. More...
amrex::Real	Ri_crit = fourth
	Critical Richardson number for stability correction. More...
RANSType	rans_type = RANSType::None
	Selected RANS closure. More...
bool	dirichlet_k = false
	Whether TKE uses Dirichlet boundary treatment. More...
amrex::Real	tke_floor = zero
bool	implicit_tke_dissipation = false
bool	rans_consistent_diffusivities = false
bool	rans_lscale_from_pblh = false
amrex::Real	rans_lscale_min = one
amrex::Real	rans_realizability = zero
PBLType	pbl_type = PBLType::None
	Selected PBL closure. More...
MYNNLevel25	pbl_mynn
	MYNN level-2.5 closure coefficients. More...
MYNNLevel2	pbl_mynn_level2
	MYNN level-2 closure coefficients for limiting. More...
bool	use_kturb = false
	Whether any turbulence model is active. More...
bool	use_keqn
	Whether a microscale TKE closure is active. More...
bool	use_pbl_tke
	Whether a mesoscale PBL TKE closure is active. More...
bool	use_tke = false
	Whether any TKE or QKE closure is active. More...
bool	init_tke_from_ustar = false
	Whether initial TKE/QKE profiles are based on surface friction velocity. More...
amrex::Real	tke_min = amrex::Real(1.e-6)
	Minimum TKE/QKE value. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_ysu_coriolis_freq
	Coriolis frequency used by YSU-family PBL schemes. More...
bool	pbl_ysu_use_consistent_coriolis
	Whether YSU uses the ERF Coriolis frequency. More...
bool	pbl_ysu_force_over_water
	Whether YSU is forced to use over-water behavior. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_ysu_land_Ribcr
	Critical bulk Richardson number over land for stable YSU conditions. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_ysu_unst_Ribcr
	Critical bulk Richardson number for unstable YSU conditions. More...
bool	enable_ysu_countergradient
	Whether YSU countergradient corrections are enabled. More...
bool	enable_ysu_terrain_pblh_floor
	Whether YSU applies a terrain-following PBL-height floor. More...
bool	enable_ysu_sat_limiter
	Whether YSU applies a saturation limiter to moisture countergradient terms. More...
bool	enable_ysu_topdown
	Whether YSU top-down mixing is enabled. More...
bool	enable_ysu_entrainment
	Whether YSU entrainment-layer parameterization is enabled. More...
bool	enable_ysu_cloud_pblh
	Whether YSU cloud-based PBL-height detection is enabled. More...
amrex::Real	ysu_qcloud_threshold
	Cloud liquid water threshold for YSUNew [kg/kg]. More...
bool	ysu_moistvars = false
	Whether YSU applies turbulence to moisture variables. More...
bool	pbl_ysunew_highres_bounds = false
	Whether YSUNew applies high-resolution grid-dependent diffusivity bounds. More...
bool	enable_ysu_rad_tend_limiter = false
amrex::Real	ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude = amrex::Real(1.0)
bool	enable_vh96_shear_correction = false
	Whether Vogelezang & Holtslag (1996) shear-correction term is enabled. More...
amrex::Real	vh96_shear_const_b = amrex::Real(100.0)
	Vogelezang & Holtslag (1996) shear-correction constant b. More...
bool	enable_pblh_smoothing = false
	Whether spatial smoothing of diagnosed PBLH is enabled. More...
int	pblh_smoothing_passes = 1
	Number of PBLH smoothing iterations to apply. More...
amrex::Real	pblh_smoothing_weight = amrex::Real(0.5)
	Center-cell weight in PBLH smoothing stencil (must be in [0,1]). More...
amrex::Real	pbl_mrf_coriolis_freq = amrex::Real(1.0e-4)
	Coriolis frequency used by the MRF PBL scheme. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_mrf_Ribcr = amrex::Real(0.5)
	Critical bulk Richardson number for the MRF PBL scheme. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_mrf_const_b = amrex::Real(7.8)
	MRF constant used to compute PBL height. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_mrf_sf = amrex::Real(0.1)
	MRF surface flux value used to compute PBL height. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_blend_length = amrex::Real(0.0)
	Boutle blending length L [m]. 0 = off. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_blend_cs = amrex::Real(0.17)
	Smagorinsky coeff for K_h ceiling. More...
amrex::Real	pbl_blend_c_max = amrex::Real(0.1)
	Power-law ceiling coeff [m^(2/3)/s]. More...
bool	pbl_blend_use_smag = true
	Use Smagorinsky ceiling (else power-law). More...
bool	enable_mrf_countergradient = false
	Whether MRF countergradient corrections are enabled. More...
bool	pbl_ib_aware = false
amrex::Real	pbl_ib_z0 = amrex::Real(0.01)
bool	enable_mrf_cloud_adjustment = false
	Whether MRF cloud-aware stability adjustments are enabled. More...
bool	pbl_mrf_highres_bounds = false
	Whether MRF applies high-resolution grid-dependent diffusivity bounds. More...
bool	enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert = false
	Whether MRF leaves VPERT unlimited by GAMCRT. More...
bool	pbl_mrf_use_zero_ri_extent = false
	Whether MRF uses the Ri=0 K-profile extent. More...
bool	enable_qnse_stable_functions = false
amrex::Real	qnse_am = amrex::Real(2.5)
amrex::Real	qnse_bm = amrex::Real(0.2)
amrex::Real	qnse_ah = amrex::Real(2.5)
amrex::Real	qnse_bh = amrex::Real(0.2)
bool	advect_tke = true
	Whether TKE/QKE is advected. More...
bool	diffuse_tke_3D = true
	Whether three-dimensional numerical diffusion is applied to TKE/QKE. More...

Detailed Description

Container holding quantities related to turbulence parametrizations

Member Function Documentation

check_params()

void TurbChoice::check_params ( amrex::GpuArray< ERF_BC, AMREX_SPACEDIM *2 > &  phys_bc_type )

inline

Validate turbulence options against physical boundary conditions.

Parameters

phys_bc_type

Physical boundary-condition types.

  {
      // BC compatibility
      if (pbl_requires_surface_layer() &&
          phys_bc_type[amrex::Orientation(amrex::Direction::z,amrex::Orientation::low)] != ERF_BC::surface_layer ) {
          amrex::Abort("The selected PBL model requires MOST at lower boundary");
      }
      if ( (les_type == LESType::Deardorff) && (Ce_wall > 0) &&
           (phys_bc_type[amrex::Orientation(amrex::Direction::z,amrex::Orientation::low)] != ERF_BC::surface_layer) &&
           (phys_bc_type[amrex::Orientation(amrex::Direction::z,amrex::Orientation::low)] != ERF_BC::slip_wall) &&
           (phys_bc_type[amrex::Orientation(amrex::Direction::z,amrex::Orientation::low)] != ERF_BC::no_slip_wall) )
      {
          amrex::Warning("Deardorff LES assumes wall at zlo when applying Ce_wall");
      }
  }

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display()

void TurbChoice::display ( int  lev )

inline

Print turbulence settings for one AMR level.

Parameters

lev	AMR level index.

  {
    amrex::Print() << "Turbulence Settings at level " << lev << std::endl;
 
    if (
      les_type == LESType::None && rans_type == RANSType::None &&
      pbl_type == PBLType::None) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using DNS model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (les_type == LESType::Smagorinsky) {
      if (smag2d) {
        amrex::Print() << "    Using 2D Smagorinsky LES model at level " << lev << std::endl;
      } else {
        amrex::Print() << "    Using Smagorinsky LES model at level " << lev << std::endl;
      }
      if (use_Ri_correction) {
        amrex::Print() << "    Smagorinsky uses Richardson number correction with Ri_crit = "
                       << Ri_crit << std::endl;
      }
      if (smag2d) {
        amrex::Print() << "    WRF slope limiter       : " << smag2d_slope_limiter << std::endl;
        if (smag2d_kh_cap > zero) {
          amrex::Print() << "    K_h cap                 : " << smag2d_kh_cap << " * Delta_h" << std::endl;
        } else {
          amrex::Print() << "    K_h cap                 : none" << std::endl;
        }
      }
    } else if (les_type == LESType::Deardorff) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using Deardorff LES model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (rans_type == RANSType::kEqn) {
      amrex::Print()
        << "    Using Axell & Liungman one-equation RANS k model at level " << lev
        << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::MYJ) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using MYJ PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using MYNN2.5 PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using MYNNEDMF PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::YSU) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using YSU PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::YSUNew) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using YSU PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::MRF) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using MRF PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::EAMXX_SHOC) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using EAMxx SHOC PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::NATIVE_SHOC) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Using native SHOC PBL model at level " << lev << std::endl;
    } else {
      amrex::Error("Unknown turbulence model");
    }
 
    if (les_type != LESType::None) {
      if (les_type == LESType::Smagorinsky) {
        amrex::Print() << "    Cs                      : " << Cs << std::endl;
      }
      if (les_type == LESType::Deardorff) {
        amrex::Print() << "    Ce                      : " << Ce      << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "    Ce at wall              : " << Ce_wall << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "    Ck                      : " << Ck      << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "    sigma_k                 : " << sigma_k << std::endl;
 
        // Sullivan et al 1994, Eqn 14
        amrex::Real Cs_equiv = std::sqrt(Ck * std::sqrt(Ck / Ce));
        amrex::Print() << "    equivalent Cs           : " << Cs_equiv
                       << std::endl;
      }
      amrex::Print() << "    isotropic mixing        : " << mix_isotropic
                     << std::endl;
    }
 
    if (rans_type != RANSType::None) {
      if (rans_type == RANSType::kEqn) {
        amrex::Print() << "Cmu0                        : " << Cmu0 << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "sigma_k                     : " << sigma_k << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "Cb                          : " << Cb << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "Rt_crit                     : " << Rt_crit << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "Rt_min                      : " << Rt_min << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "max_geom_lscale             : " << l_g_max << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "rans_realizability          : " << rans_realizability << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "dirichlet_k                 : " << dirichlet_k << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "tke_floor                   : " << tke_floor << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "implicit_tke_dissipation    : " << implicit_tke_dissipation << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "consistent diffusivities    : " << rans_consistent_diffusivities << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "lscale cap from PBL height  : " << rans_lscale_from_pblh
                       << " (floor " << rans_lscale_min << " m)" << std::endl;
      }
    }
 
    if ((les_type  == LESType::Deardorff) ||
        (rans_type == RANSType::kEqn)) {
      if (theta_ref > 0) {
        amrex::Print() << "    reference theta         : " << theta_ref << std::endl;
      } else {
        amrex::Print() << "    reference theta         : n/a" << std::endl;
      }
    }
 
    if ((les_type != LESType::None) || (rans_type != RANSType::None)) {
      amrex::Print() << "    Pr_t                    : " << Pr_t << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    Sc_t                    : " << Sc_t << std::endl;
    }
 
    if (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25 || pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF) {
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_Lt_taper_exp : "
                     << pbl_mynn.Lt_taper_exp << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_config : "
                     << amrex::getEnumNameString(pbl_mynn.config) << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_Lt_alpha : " << pbl_mynn.Lt_alpha << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_A1 : " << pbl_mynn.A1 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_A2 : " << pbl_mynn.A2 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_B1 : " << pbl_mynn.B1 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_B2 : " << pbl_mynn.B2 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_C1 : " << pbl_mynn.C1 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_C2 : " << pbl_mynn.C2 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_C3 : " << pbl_mynn.C3 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_C4 : " << pbl_mynn.C4 << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mynn_C5 : " << pbl_mynn.C5 << std::endl;
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::YSU || pbl_type == PBLType::YSUNew) {
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_ysu_coriolis_freq              : "
                     << pbl_ysu_coriolis_freq << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_ysu_use_consistent_coriolis    : "
                     << pbl_ysu_use_consistent_coriolis << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_ysu_force_over_water           : "
                     << pbl_ysu_force_over_water << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_ysu_land_Ribcr                 : "
                     << pbl_ysu_land_Ribcr << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_ysu_unst_Ribcr                 : "
                     << pbl_ysu_unst_Ribcr << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_ysu_countergradient         : "
                     << enable_ysu_countergradient << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_ysu_terrain_pblh_floor      : "
                     << enable_ysu_terrain_pblh_floor << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_ysu_sat_limiter             : "
                     << enable_ysu_sat_limiter << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_ysu_topdown                 : "
                     << enable_ysu_topdown << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_ysu_entrainment             : "
                     << enable_ysu_entrainment << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_ysu_cloud_pblh              : "
                     << enable_ysu_cloud_pblh << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    ysu_qcloud_threshold               : "
                     << ysu_qcloud_threshold << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    ysu_moistvars                      : "
                     << ysu_moistvars << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_ysunew_highres_bounds          : "
                     << pbl_ysunew_highres_bounds << std::endl;
      // Radiative tendency limiter/smoothing (YSUNew-only)
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_ysu_rad_tend_limiter        : "
                     << enable_ysu_rad_tend_limiter << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude     : "
                     << ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_vh96_shear_correction       : "
                     << enable_vh96_shear_correction << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    vh96_shear_const_b                 : "
                     << vh96_shear_const_b << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_pblh_smoothing              : "
                     << enable_pblh_smoothing << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pblh_smoothing_passes              : "
                     << pblh_smoothing_passes << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pblh_smoothing_weight              : "
                     << pblh_smoothing_weight << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert         : "
                     << enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_qnse_stable_functions       : "
                     << enable_qnse_stable_functions << std::endl;
      if (enable_qnse_stable_functions) {
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_am (momentum coeff)         : " << qnse_am << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_bm (momentum coeff)         : " << qnse_bm << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_ah (heat coeff)             : " << qnse_ah << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_bh (heat coeff)             : " << qnse_bh << std::endl;
      }
    } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::MRF) {
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mrf_coriolis_freq : " << pbl_mrf_coriolis_freq
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mrf_Ribcr         : " << pbl_mrf_Ribcr
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mrf_const_b       : " << pbl_mrf_const_b
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mrf_sf            : " << pbl_mrf_sf
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_mrf_countergradient : " << enable_mrf_countergradient
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_mrf_cloud_adjustment : " << enable_mrf_cloud_adjustment
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mrf_highres_bounds     : " << pbl_mrf_highres_bounds
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert : " << enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_mrf_use_zero_ri_extent : " << pbl_mrf_use_zero_ri_extent
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_blend_length   : " << pbl_blend_length
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_blend_cs       : " << pbl_blend_cs
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_blend_c_max    : " << pbl_blend_c_max
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pbl_blend_use_smag : " << pbl_blend_use_smag
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_vh96_shear_correction : " << enable_vh96_shear_correction
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    vh96_shear_const_b           : " << vh96_shear_const_b
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_pblh_smoothing        : " << enable_pblh_smoothing
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pblh_smoothing_passes        : " << pblh_smoothing_passes
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    pblh_smoothing_weight        : " << pblh_smoothing_weight
                     << std::endl;
      amrex::Print() << "    enable_qnse_stable_functions       : "
                     << enable_qnse_stable_functions << std::endl;
      if (enable_qnse_stable_functions) {
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_am (momentum coeff)         : " << qnse_am << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_bm (momentum coeff)         : " << qnse_bm << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_ah (heat coeff)             : " << qnse_ah << std::endl;
        amrex::Print() << "      qnse_bh (heat coeff)             : " << qnse_bh << std::endl;
      }
    }
  }

init_params()

void TurbChoice::init_params ( int  lev, int  max_level, std::string  pp_prefix  )

inline

Read turbulence options for one AMR level from the input parameter database.

Parameters

lev	AMR level index.
max_level	Maximum AMR level configured for the run.
pp_prefix	ParmParse prefix for the ERF input namespace.

  {
    amrex::ParmParse pp(pp_prefix);
 
    // Which LES closure?
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "les_type", les_type, lev, max_level);
    // Immersed-boundary awareness of the MRF and YSUNew schemes (off by default):
    // the surface of a column with immersed solid cells is the first fluid cell
    // above them, heights and the boundary-layer depth are measured from it,
    // the eddy diffusivities are zero inside the solid, and the surface
    // scales over such a column come from a neutral log law at its top with
    // the roughness pbl_ib_z0. Only MRF and YSUNew honour it.
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_ib_aware", pbl_ib_aware, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_ib_z0",    pbl_ib_z0,    lev, max_level);
 
    // Handle 2-D Smag
    if (les_type == LESType::Smagorinsky2D) {
        les_type = LESType::Smagorinsky;
        smag2d = true;
    }
 
    // Which RANS closure?
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "rans_type", rans_type, lev, max_level);
 
    if ((rans_type != RANSType::None) && (les_type != LESType::None)) {
        amrex::Error("Hybrid RANS-LES not implemented");
    }
 
    // Which PBL Closure
    query_one_or_per_level_enum_case_insensitive(pp, "pbl_type", pbl_type, lev, max_level);
    if (pbl_type == PBLType::SHOC) {
      static bool warned_legacy_shoc = false;
      if (!warned_legacy_shoc) {
        amrex::Warning("erf.pbl_type = SHOC is deprecated; use erf.pbl_type = EAMXX_SHOC");
        warned_legacy_shoc = true;
      }
      pbl_type = PBLType::EAMXX_SHOC;
    }
 
    // Do some more stuff for PBL Modeling
    if (pbl_type != PBLType::None) {
      // Check for compatibility between PBL, LES, Molec Transport
      if (les_type != LESType::None) {
        amrex::Print() << "Selected a PBL model and an LES model: "
                       << "Using PBL for vertical transport, LES for horizontal"
                       << std::endl;
      }
      if (les_type == LESType::Smagorinsky) {
        if (!smag2d)
          amrex::Error("If using Smagorinsky with a PBL model, the 2-D "
                       "formulation should be used");
      } else if (les_type == LESType::Deardorff) {
        amrex::Error(
          "It is not recommended to use Deardorff LES and a PBL model");
      }
      // Both the k-eqn RANS closure and these PBL schemes transport RhoKE
      if ((rans_type == RANSType::kEqn) &&
          ((pbl_type == PBLType::MYJ) || (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25) ||
           (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF) || uses_shoc_family())) {
        amrex::Error("erf.rans_type = kEqn cannot be combined with erf.pbl_type = " +
                     std::string(amrex::getEnumNameString(pbl_type)) +
                     ": both transport the turbulent kinetic energy");
      }
 
      if (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25 || pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF) {
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_Lt_taper_exp", pbl_mynn.Lt_taper_exp, lev, max_level);
        if (pbl_mynn.Lt_taper_exp < 0) {
            amrex::Error("erf.pbl_mynn_Lt_taper_exp must be >= 0 "
                         "(0 disables the taper)");
        }
        // NN09 (the default) uses Lt_alpha = 0.23 and a 1/l sum for the master
        // length scale; Chen2021 uses Lt_alpha = 0.10 and a 1/l^2 sum.
        query_one_or_per_level_enum_case_insensitive(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_config", pbl_mynn.config, lev, max_level);
        // l_T = Lt_alpha*<zq>/<q> follows the config unless set explicitly.
        pbl_mynn.Lt_alpha = (pbl_mynn.config == MYNNConfigType::Chen2021)
                              ? amrex::Real(0.1) : amrex::Real(0.23);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_Lt_alpha", pbl_mynn.Lt_alpha, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_A1", pbl_mynn.A1, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_A2", pbl_mynn.A2, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_B1", pbl_mynn.B1, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_B2", pbl_mynn.B2, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_C1", pbl_mynn.C1, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_C2", pbl_mynn.C2, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_C3", pbl_mynn.C3, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_C4", pbl_mynn.C4, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mynn_C5", pbl_mynn.C5, lev, max_level);
        pbl_mynn_level2.init_coeffs(
          pbl_mynn.A1, pbl_mynn.A2, pbl_mynn.B1, pbl_mynn.B2, pbl_mynn.C1,
          pbl_mynn.C2, pbl_mynn.C3, pbl_mynn.C4, pbl_mynn.C5);
        // Moisture is now always diffused by MYNN, as it is by every other
        // PBL scheme; catch the retired flag rather than ignoring it silently.
        if (pp.contains("pbl_mynn_diffuse_moistvars")) {
            amrex::Abort("erf.pbl_mynn_diffuse_moistvars has been removed. "
                         "MYNN always diffuses the moisture variables now, as "
                         "MYJ, YSU, MRF and SHOC always have; there is no "
                         "longer a way to turn it off.");
        }
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_SMmin", pbl_mynn.SMmin, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_SMmax", pbl_mynn.SMmax, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_SHmin", pbl_mynn.SHmin, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_SHmax", pbl_mynn.SHmax, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mynn_SQfactor", pbl_mynn.SQfac, lev, max_level);
 
        // SQ = SQfac*SM, so its bound is tied to SHmax and SQfac; the default member
        // initializer was evaluated before either could be overridden here.
        pbl_mynn.SQmax = pbl_mynn.SQfac * pbl_mynn.SHmax;
 
      } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::YSU || pbl_type == PBLType::YSUNew) {
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_ysu_coriolis_freq", pbl_ysu_coriolis_freq, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_ysu_use_consistent_coriolis",
          pbl_ysu_use_consistent_coriolis, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_ysu_force_over_water", pbl_ysu_force_over_water, lev,
          max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_ysu_land_Ribcr", pbl_ysu_land_Ribcr, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_ysu_unst_Ribcr", pbl_ysu_unst_Ribcr, lev, max_level);
        // YSU now uses theta_v at WRF's thvx sites and theta_l at its thlix
        // sites; catch the retired switch between them rather than ignoring it.
        if (pp.contains("enable_ysu_liquid_theta")) {
            amrex::Abort("erf.enable_ysu_liquid_theta has been removed. YSU uses "
                         "theta_v (all condensate loading) for the bulk Richardson "
                         "number and clear-sky entrainment, and theta_l (cloud "
                         "liquid and ice) for the cloud-top extension scan and "
                         "cloudy entrainment, as WRF does with thvx and thlix.");
        }
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_ysu_countergradient", enable_ysu_countergradient, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_ysu_terrain_pblh_floor", enable_ysu_terrain_pblh_floor, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_ysu_sat_limiter", enable_ysu_sat_limiter, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_ysu_topdown", enable_ysu_topdown, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_ysu_entrainment", enable_ysu_entrainment, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_ysu_cloud_pblh", enable_ysu_cloud_pblh, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert", enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "ysu_qcloud_threshold", ysu_qcloud_threshold, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "ysu_moistvars", ysu_moistvars, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_ysunew_highres_bounds", pbl_ysunew_highres_bounds, lev, max_level);
        // Radiative tendency limiter (YSUNew-only)
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_ysu_rad_tend_limiter", enable_ysu_rad_tend_limiter, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude", ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude, lev, max_level);
        if (!(ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude > 0.0)) {
            if (amrex::ParallelDescriptor::IOProcessor()) {
                amrex::Print() << "WARNING: erf.ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude = "
                               << ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude
                               << " is not positive; using the default of 1.0 K/s\n";
            }
            ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude = amrex::Real(1.0);
        }
        // Vogelezang & Holtslag (1996) shear correction
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_vh96_shear_correction", enable_vh96_shear_correction, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "vh96_shear_const_b", vh96_shear_const_b, lev, max_level);
        // PBLH spatial smoothing
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_pblh_smoothing", enable_pblh_smoothing, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pblh_smoothing_passes", pblh_smoothing_passes, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pblh_smoothing_weight", pblh_smoothing_weight, lev, max_level);
        // Validate pblh_smoothing_weight is in [0,1]
        if (enable_pblh_smoothing && (pblh_smoothing_weight < 0 || pblh_smoothing_weight > 1)) {
          amrex::Error("pblh_smoothing_weight must be in [0, 1]");
        }
        // QNSE stable stability functions (Sukoriansky et al. 2005)
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_qnse_stable_functions", enable_qnse_stable_functions, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_am", qnse_am, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_bm", qnse_bm, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_ah", qnse_ah, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_bh", qnse_bh, lev, max_level);
      } else if (pbl_type == PBLType::MRF) {
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mrf_coriolis_freq", pbl_mrf_coriolis_freq, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mrf_Ribcr", pbl_mrf_Ribcr, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mrf_const_b", pbl_mrf_const_b, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "pbl_mrf_sf", pbl_mrf_sf, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_mrf_countergradient", enable_mrf_countergradient, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_mrf_cloud_adjustment", enable_mrf_cloud_adjustment, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mrf_highres_bounds", pbl_mrf_highres_bounds, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert", enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_mrf_use_zero_ri_extent", pbl_mrf_use_zero_ri_extent, lev, max_level);
        // QNSE stable stability functions (Sukoriansky et al. 2005)
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_qnse_stable_functions", enable_qnse_stable_functions, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_am", qnse_am, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_bm", qnse_bm, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_ah", qnse_ah, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "qnse_bh", qnse_bh, lev, max_level);
        // Scale-aware PBL-LES blending parameters.
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_blend_length", pbl_blend_length, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_blend_cs", pbl_blend_cs, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_blend_c_max", pbl_blend_c_max, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pbl_blend_use_smag", pbl_blend_use_smag, lev, max_level);
        // Vogelezang & Holtslag (1996) shear correction
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_vh96_shear_correction", enable_vh96_shear_correction, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "vh96_shear_const_b", vh96_shear_const_b, lev, max_level);
        // PBLH spatial smoothing
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "enable_pblh_smoothing", enable_pblh_smoothing, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pblh_smoothing_passes", pblh_smoothing_passes, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(
          pp, "pblh_smoothing_weight", pblh_smoothing_weight, lev, max_level);
        // Validate pblh_smoothing_weight is in [0,1]
        if (enable_pblh_smoothing && (pblh_smoothing_weight < 0 || pblh_smoothing_weight > 1)) {
          amrex::Error("pblh_smoothing_weight must be in [0, 1]");
        }
      }
      if (uses_eamxx_shoc()) {
#ifndef ERF_USE_EAMXX_SHOC
          amrex::Abort("PBLType::EAMXX_SHOC requested, but ERF was not built with ERF_ENABLE_EAMXX_SHOC=ON");
#endif
      }
 
      if (pbl_requires_surface_layer()) {
          std::string zlo_bc = "none";
          amrex::ParmParse pp_bc("zlo");
          pp_bc.get("type",zlo_bc);
          if (amrex::toLower(zlo_bc) != "surface_layer") {
               amrex::Abort("You must use the surface_layer BC at zlo with the selected PBL.");
          }
      }
    }
 
    // Flags for QKE/TKE equation
    if (pbl_type == PBLType::MYJ || pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25 || pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF) {
        // Add sources/sinks to QKE/TKE? (MYJ does this inline)
        if (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25 || pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF) {
            use_pbl_tke = true;
        }
        // Advect QKE/TKE?
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "advect_tke"    , advect_tke    , lev, max_level);
        // Apply numerical diffusion to QKE/TKE?
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "diffuse_tke_3D", diffuse_tke_3D, lev, max_level);
    }
 
    // There is a default value of 1e-6 but the user can override the value here,
    //   and in addition can add perturbational values.  and in addition can add perturbational values.
    pp.queryAdd("tke_min",tke_min);
 
    // LES constants...
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Cs", Cs, lev, max_level);
 
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Pr_t", Pr_t, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Sc_t", Sc_t, lev, max_level);
 
    // Compute relevant forms of diffusion parameters
    Pr_t_inv = one / Pr_t;
    Sc_t_inv = one / Sc_t;
 
    if (les_type == LESType::Deardorff) {
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Ck", Ck, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Ce", Ce, lev, max_level);
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Ce_wall", Ce_wall, lev, max_level);
    }
 
    // To quantify atmospheric stability for subgrid modeling
    const bool strat_type_set = (pp.countval("thermal_stratification") > 0);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "thermal_stratification", strat_type, lev, max_level);
    // The PBL schemes have always used theta_v for their buoyancy gradient,
    // which is the physically right choice there.  Honour an explicit
    // erf.thermal_stratification everywhere, but when the user has not set it
    // keep the historical split: theta for the LES closures, theta_v for the
    // PBL ones.  That way the knob reaches the PBL schemes without silently
    // changing any existing moist answer.
    pbl_strat_type = strat_type_set ? strat_type : StratType::thetav;
    amrex::Print() << "PBL thermal stratification variable: "
                   << amrex::getEnumNameString(pbl_strat_type) << std::endl;
    if (strat_type == StratType::theta) {
        amrex::Print() << "Thermal stratification based on gradient of potential temperature" << std::endl;
    } else if (strat_type == StratType::thetav) {
        amrex::Print() << "Thermal stratification based on gradient of virtual potential temperature" << std::endl;
    } else if (strat_type == StratType::thetal) {
        amrex::Print() << "Thermal stratification based on gradient of linearized liquid-water potential temperature" << std::endl;
    }
 
    // k-eqn constants
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Cmu0", Cmu0, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Cb", Cb, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Rt_crit", Rt_crit, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Rt_min", Rt_min, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "max_geom_lscale", l_g_max, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "dirichlet_k", dirichlet_k, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "tke_floor", tke_floor, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "implicit_tke_dissipation", implicit_tke_dissipation, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "rans_consistent_diffusivities", rans_consistent_diffusivities, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "rans_lscale_from_pblh", rans_lscale_from_pblh, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "rans_lscale_min", rans_lscale_min, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "rans_realizability", rans_realizability, lev, max_level);
    if (rans_realizability != zero) {
        if (!(rans_realizability >= amrex::Real(0.01) && rans_realizability <= amrex::Real(10))) {
            amrex::Error("erf.rans_realizability must be 0 (off) or in [0.01, 10]; Cmu0^2 = 0.309 is the neutral equilibrium value");
        }
        if (rans_type != RANSType::kEqn) {
            // One value for the whole hierarchy (a single entry, or a list whose entries are all
            // equal) is meant for the levels that run the k-eqn closure and is reset here; a list
            // with different entries names this level on purpose and must not switch the cap on
            // where there is no closure.
            amrex::Vector<amrex::Real> all_levels;
            pp.getarr("rans_realizability", all_levels);
            bool uniform = true;
            for (auto v : all_levels) { uniform = uniform && (v == all_levels[0]); }
            if (uniform) {
                amrex::Print() << "erf.rans_realizability reset to 0 on level " << lev
                               << " (no k-eqn closure there)" << std::endl;
                rans_realizability = zero;
            } else {
                amrex::Error("erf.rans_realizability needs erf.rans_type = kEqn (it caps the k-eqn eddy viscosity; level "
                             + std::to_string(lev) + ")");
            }
        }
    }
    // After the reset above, so a hierarchy with a PBL scheme on an LES level and the cap on
    // its k-eqn level is accepted
    if ((rans_realizability != zero) && (pbl_type != PBLType::None)) {
        amrex::Error("erf.rans_realizability needs erf.pbl_type = None: a PBL scheme overwrites the vertical "
                     "diffusivities the cap acts on (level " + std::to_string(lev) + ")");
    }
    if (rans_lscale_from_pblh && !(rans_lscale_min > 0)) {
        amrex::Error("erf.rans_lscale_min must be > 0 with erf.rans_lscale_from_pblh");
    }
 
    if (rans_type == RANSType::kEqn) {
        // The stability functions (AL01 Eqs. 31, 32) have poles at Rt = -3.59869
        // (cmu) and -3.61011 (cmu'); the Burchard & Petersen smoothing maps
        // Rt < Rt_crit onto (Rt_min, Rt_crit) and needs Rt_min < Rt_crit <= 0,
        // with Rt_min above the pole of cmu (AL01::Rt_min_lower_bound) and above
        // the zero of its numerator (AL01::cmu_numerator_root), so cmu > 0.
        if (!(Cmu0 > 0)) { amrex::Error("erf.Cmu0 must be > 0 for the k-eqn RANS"); }
        if (!(Cb > 0)) { amrex::Error("erf.Cb must be > 0 for the k-eqn RANS"); }
        if (!(l_g_max > 0)) { amrex::Error("erf.max_geom_lscale must be > 0 for the k-eqn RANS"); }
        if (!(Rt_crit <= 0)) { amrex::Error("erf.Rt_crit must be <= 0 for the k-eqn RANS"); }
        if (!(Rt_min < Rt_crit)) { amrex::Error("erf.Rt_min must be < erf.Rt_crit for the k-eqn RANS"); }
        if (!(Rt_min > AL01::Rt_min_lower_bound)) {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg << std::setprecision(8) << "erf.Rt_min must be > " << AL01::Rt_min_lower_bound
                << " for the k-eqn RANS: the momentum stability function cmu has a pole at Rt = -3.5986889850,"
                << " and just below it cmu and the eddy viscosity are negative (level " << lev << ")";
            amrex::Error(msg.str());
        }
        if (!(Rt_min > AL01::cmu_numerator_root(Cmu0))) {
            std::ostringstream msg;
            msg << std::setprecision(8) << "erf.Rt_min must be > -erf.Cmu0/0.108 = " << AL01::cmu_numerator_root(Cmu0)
                << " for the k-eqn RANS: below it the numerator Cmu0 + 0.108 Rt of cmu is negative;"
                << " raise erf.Cmu0 or erf.Rt_min (level " << lev << ")";
            amrex::Error(msg.str());
        }
    }
    if (tke_floor < 0) { amrex::Error("erf.tke_floor must be >= 0"); }
 
    // Common inputs (LES or RANS)
    if (!query_one_or_per_level(pp, "sigma_k", sigma_k, lev, max_level) && rans_type == RANSType::kEqn) {
        amrex::Print() << "Overriding default sigma_k for k-eqn RANS" << std::endl;
        sigma_k = one;
    };
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "theta_ref", theta_ref, lev, max_level);
 
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "mix_isotropic", mix_isotropic, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "use_Ri_correction", use_Ri_correction, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "Ri_crit", Ri_crit, lev, max_level);
 
    // Set common flags
    use_kturb =
      ((les_type != LESType::None) || (rans_type != RANSType::None) ||
       (pbl_type != PBLType::None));
    use_keqn =
      ((les_type == LESType::Deardorff) || (rans_type == RANSType::kEqn));
    use_tke =
      ((les_type == LESType::Deardorff) || (rans_type == RANSType::kEqn) ||
       (pbl_type == PBLType::MYJ)       || (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25) ||
       (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF)  || uses_shoc_family());
 
    if (use_tke) {
        query_one_or_per_level(pp, "init_tke_from_ustar", init_tke_from_ustar, lev, max_level);
    }
 
    // Validate inputs
    if (les_type == LESType::Smagorinsky) {
      if (Cs == 0) {
        amrex::Error("Need to specify Cs for Smagorsinky LES");
      }
      if (smag2d && mix_isotropic) {
        amrex::Print() << "Turning off mix_isotropic for 2-D Smagorinsky" << std::endl;
        mix_isotropic = false;
      }
    }
 
    // Opt-in limits of WRF's Smagorinsky-2D closure (dyn_em/module_diffusion_em.F, smag2d_km):
    // the slope limiter, which divides K_h by alpha or alpha^2 on terrain-fitted meshes, and the
    // cap K_h <= smag2d_kh_cap * Delta_h (WRF: 10 m/s).  Both are off by default.  The mesh check
    // for the slope limiter is in SolverChoice::init_params, where the terrain type is known.
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "smag2d_slope_limiter", smag2d_slope_limiter, lev, max_level);
    query_one_or_per_level(pp, "smag2d_kh_cap", smag2d_kh_cap, lev, max_level);
    if (!(smag2d_kh_cap >= zero)) {
      amrex::Error("erf.smag2d_kh_cap must be >= 0 (0 = no cap; WRF uses 10 m/s)");
    }
    smag2d_limits_requested = (smag2d_slope_limiter || smag2d_kh_cap > zero);
    if (!smag2d) {
      // A single value applies to every level; it is meant for the levels that run
      // Smagorinsky2D (SolverChoice aborts if none does).  A per-level list must not
      // switch the limits on at a level that does not.
      if (pp.countval("smag2d_slope_limiter") == 1) { smag2d_slope_limiter = false; }
      if (pp.countval("smag2d_kh_cap") == 1)        { smag2d_kh_cap = zero; }
      if (smag2d_slope_limiter || smag2d_kh_cap > zero) {
        amrex::Error("erf.smag2d_slope_limiter and erf.smag2d_kh_cap apply only to "
                     "erf.les_type = Smagorinsky2D (level " + std::to_string(lev) + ")");
      }
    }
  }

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kh_kv_can_differ()

bool TurbChoice::kh_kv_can_differ ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Query whether the horizontal and vertical eddy viscosities can differ on this level.

Returns

True for Smagorinsky-2D, anisotropic Smagorinsky or Deardorff, and any PBL scheme (which sets the vertical diffusivities on its own).

  {
      return ( (les_type == LESType::Smagorinsky && (smag2d || !mix_isotropic)) ||
               (les_type == LESType::Deardorff   && !mix_isotropic) ||
               (pbl_type != PBLType::None) );
  }

Referenced by ERF::ComputeDt().

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pbl_requires_surface_layer()

bool TurbChoice::pbl_requires_surface_layer ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Query whether the selected PBL scheme requires surface-layer boundary conditions.

Returns

True if the PBL scheme requires a lower surface-layer boundary.

  {
      return (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNN25)   ||
             (pbl_type == PBLType::MYNNEDMF) ||
             (pbl_type == PBLType::YSU)      ||
             (pbl_type == PBLType::YSUNew)      ||
             (pbl_type == PBLType::MRF)       ||
             uses_shoc_family();
  }

Referenced by check_params(), and init_params().

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pbl_suppresses_microphysics_condensation()

bool TurbChoice::pbl_suppresses_microphysics_condensation ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Query whether the selected PBL scheme suppresses microphysics condensation.

Returns

True when the PBL scheme owns condensation handling.

  {
      return uses_shoc_family();
  }

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uses_eamxx_shoc()

bool TurbChoice::uses_eamxx_shoc ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Query whether this level uses the EAMxx SHOC PBL scheme.

Returns

True if PBLType::EAMXX_SHOC is selected.

  {
      return pbl_type == PBLType::EAMXX_SHOC;
  }

Referenced by erf_slow_rhs_post(), erf_slow_rhs_pre(), init_params(), and uses_shoc_family().

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uses_native_shoc()

bool TurbChoice::uses_native_shoc ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Query whether this level uses the native SHOC PBL scheme.

Returns

True if PBLType::NATIVE_SHOC is selected.

  {
      return pbl_type == PBLType::NATIVE_SHOC;
  }

Referenced by erf_slow_rhs_post(), erf_slow_rhs_pre(), and uses_shoc_family().

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uses_shoc_family()

bool TurbChoice::uses_shoc_family ( ) const

inlinenoexcept

Query whether this level uses any SHOC-family PBL scheme.

Returns

True if native or EAMxx SHOC is selected.

  {
      return uses_eamxx_shoc() || uses_native_shoc();
  }

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosity(), init_params(), pbl_requires_surface_layer(), and pbl_suppresses_microphysics_condensation().

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Member Data Documentation

advect_tke

TurbChoice::advect_tke = true

Whether TKE/QKE is advected.

Referenced by erf_slow_rhs_post(), and init_params().

Cb

TurbChoice::Cb = amrex::Real(0.35)

One-equation RANS buoyancy coefficient.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

Ce

TurbChoice::Ce = amrex::Real(0.93)

Deardorff dissipation coefficient.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), display(), and init_params().

Ce_wall

TurbChoice::Ce_wall = zero

Wall value for the Deardorff dissipation coefficient.

Referenced by check_params(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), display(), and init_params().

Ck

TurbChoice::Ck = amrex::Real(0.1)

Deardorff eddy-viscosity coefficient.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), display(), and init_params().

Cmu0

TurbChoice::Cmu0 = amrex::Real(0.5562)

One-equation RANS Cmu0 coefficient.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

Cs

TurbChoice::Cs = zero

Smagorinsky model coefficient.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), display(), and init_params().

diffuse_tke_3D

TurbChoice::diffuse_tke_3D = true

Whether three-dimensional numerical diffusion is applied to TKE/QKE.

Referenced by init_params(), and make_sources().

dirichlet_k

TurbChoice::dirichlet_k = false

Whether TKE uses Dirichlet boundary treatment.

Referenced by display(), erf_slow_rhs_post(), and init_params().

enable_mrf_cloud_adjustment

TurbChoice::enable_mrf_cloud_adjustment = false

Whether MRF cloud-aware stability adjustments are enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

enable_mrf_countergradient

TurbChoice::enable_mrf_countergradient = false

Whether MRF countergradient corrections are enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert

TurbChoice::enable_mrf_unbounded_vpert = false

Whether MRF leaves VPERT unlimited by GAMCRT.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_pblh_smoothing

TurbChoice::enable_pblh_smoothing = false

Whether spatial smoothing of diagnosed PBLH is enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_qnse_stable_functions

bool TurbChoice::enable_qnse_stable_functions = false

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_vh96_shear_correction

TurbChoice::enable_vh96_shear_correction = false

Whether Vogelezang & Holtslag (1996) shear-correction term is enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_ysu_cloud_pblh

TurbChoice::enable_ysu_cloud_pblh

Initial value:

=
    true

Whether YSU cloud-based PBL-height detection is enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_ysu_countergradient

TurbChoice::enable_ysu_countergradient

Initial value:

=
    true

Whether YSU countergradient corrections are enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_ysu_entrainment

TurbChoice::enable_ysu_entrainment

Initial value:

=
    true

Whether YSU entrainment-layer parameterization is enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_ysu_rad_tend_limiter

bool TurbChoice::enable_ysu_rad_tend_limiter = false

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_ysu_sat_limiter

TurbChoice::enable_ysu_sat_limiter

Initial value:

=
    false

Whether YSU applies a saturation limiter to moisture countergradient terms.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_ysu_terrain_pblh_floor

TurbChoice::enable_ysu_terrain_pblh_floor

Initial value:

=
    true

Whether YSU applies a terrain-following PBL-height floor.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

enable_ysu_topdown

TurbChoice::enable_ysu_topdown

Initial value:

=
    true

Whether YSU top-down mixing is enabled.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

implicit_tke_dissipation

bool TurbChoice::implicit_tke_dissipation = false

Referenced by AddTurbKESources(), display(), erf_slow_rhs_post(), and init_params().

init_tke_from_ustar

TurbChoice::init_tke_from_ustar = false

Whether initial TKE/QKE profiles are based on surface friction velocity.

Referenced by init_params().

l_g_max

TurbChoice::l_g_max = amrex::Real(30.0)

Maximum geometric length scale.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

les_type

TurbChoice::les_type = LESType::None

Selected LES closure.

Referenced by check_params(), ComputeTurbulentViscosity(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), display(), erf_make_tau_terms(), erf_slow_rhs_post(), erf_slow_rhs_pre(), init_params(), kh_kv_can_differ(), and ERF::ReportTerrainSlopeFactor().

mix_isotropic

TurbChoice::mix_isotropic = true

Whether subgrid mixing uses isotropic length scales.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), display(), init_params(), and kh_kv_can_differ().

pbl_blend_c_max

amrex::Real TurbChoice::pbl_blend_c_max = amrex::Real(0.1)

Power-law ceiling coeff [m^(2/3)/s].

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_blend_cs

amrex::Real TurbChoice::pbl_blend_cs = amrex::Real(0.17)

Smagorinsky coeff for K_h ceiling.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_blend_length

amrex::Real TurbChoice::pbl_blend_length = amrex::Real(0.0)

Boutle blending length L [m]. 0 = off.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_blend_use_smag

bool TurbChoice::pbl_blend_use_smag = true

Use Smagorinsky ceiling (else power-law).

Referenced by display(), and init_params().

pbl_ib_aware

TurbChoice::pbl_ib_aware = false

When true, the MRF and YSUNew schemes treat the first fluid cell above the immersed solid of a column (buildings or terrain by immersed forcing) as that column's surface: the bulk Richardson heights, the boundary-layer depth and the K profile are measured from it, the diffusivities vanish inside the solid, and the surface scales of such a column are a neutral log law at its top (u* from the wind there and pbl_ib_z0, theta* = 0). The boundary-layer height both schemes store (pblh, Lturb) stays the absolute height above the domain bottom; with enable_pblh_smoothing the stencil runs on that absolute height, and the smoothed value is kept at or above each column's own floor (half a cell above its surface, at least 10 m). Off by default; without immersed cells the results are identical. Not supported with terrain-fitted coordinates.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), and init_params().

pbl_ib_z0

TurbChoice::pbl_ib_z0 = amrex::Real(0.01)

Roughness length [m] of that log law.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), and init_params().

pbl_mrf_const_b

TurbChoice::pbl_mrf_const_b = amrex::Real(7.8)

MRF constant used to compute PBL height.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_mrf_coriolis_freq

TurbChoice::pbl_mrf_coriolis_freq = amrex::Real(1.0e-4)

Coriolis frequency used by the MRF PBL scheme.

Referenced by display(), and init_params().

pbl_mrf_highres_bounds

TurbChoice::pbl_mrf_highres_bounds = false

Whether MRF applies high-resolution grid-dependent diffusivity bounds.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_mrf_Ribcr

TurbChoice::pbl_mrf_Ribcr = amrex::Real(0.5)

Critical bulk Richardson number for the MRF PBL scheme.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_mrf_sf

TurbChoice::pbl_mrf_sf = amrex::Real(0.1)

MRF surface flux value used to compute PBL height.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_mrf_use_zero_ri_extent

TurbChoice::pbl_mrf_use_zero_ri_extent = false

Whether MRF uses the Ri=0 K-profile extent.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_mynn

TurbChoice::pbl_mynn

MYNN level-2.5 closure coefficients.

Referenced by AddTurbKESources(), ComputeDiffusivityMYNN25(), ComputeDiffusivityMYNNEDMF(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_mynn_level2

TurbChoice::pbl_mynn_level2

MYNN level-2 closure coefficients for limiting.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMYNN25(), ComputeDiffusivityMYNNEDMF(), and init_params().

pbl_strat_type

StratType TurbChoice::pbl_strat_type = StratType::thetav

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityMYJ(), ComputeDiffusivityMYNN25(), ComputeDiffusivityMYNNEDMF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSU(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), and init_params().

pbl_type

TurbChoice::pbl_type = PBLType::None

Selected PBL closure.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosity(), display(), erf_make_tau_terms(), erf_slow_rhs_post(), erf_slow_rhs_pre(), init_params(), kh_kv_can_differ(), pbl_requires_surface_layer(), uses_eamxx_shoc(), and uses_native_shoc().

pbl_ysu_coriolis_freq

TurbChoice::pbl_ysu_coriolis_freq

Initial value:

=
    amrex::Real(1.0e-4)

Coriolis frequency used by YSU-family PBL schemes.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSU(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_ysu_force_over_water

TurbChoice::pbl_ysu_force_over_water

Initial value:

=
    false

Whether YSU is forced to use over-water behavior.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSU(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_ysu_land_Ribcr

TurbChoice::pbl_ysu_land_Ribcr

Initial value:

=
    fourth

Critical bulk Richardson number over land for stable YSU conditions.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSU(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_ysu_unst_Ribcr

TurbChoice::pbl_ysu_unst_Ribcr

Initial value:

=
    zero

Critical bulk Richardson number for unstable YSU conditions.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSU(), display(), and init_params().

pbl_ysu_use_consistent_coriolis

TurbChoice::pbl_ysu_use_consistent_coriolis

Initial value:

=
    false

Whether YSU uses the ERF Coriolis frequency.

Referenced by display(), and init_params().

pbl_ysunew_highres_bounds

TurbChoice::pbl_ysunew_highres_bounds = false

Whether YSUNew applies high-resolution grid-dependent diffusivity bounds.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

pblh_smoothing_passes

TurbChoice::pblh_smoothing_passes = 1

Number of PBLH smoothing iterations to apply.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

pblh_smoothing_weight

TurbChoice::pblh_smoothing_weight = amrex::Real(0.5)

Center-cell weight in PBLH smoothing stencil (must be in [0,1]).

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

Pr_t

TurbChoice::Pr_t = one / three

Turbulent Prandtl number.

Referenced by display(), and init_params().

Pr_t_inv

TurbChoice::Pr_t_inv = three

Inverse turbulent Prandtl number.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), and init_params().

qnse_ah

amrex::Real TurbChoice::qnse_ah = amrex::Real(2.5)

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

qnse_am

amrex::Real TurbChoice::qnse_am = amrex::Real(2.5)

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

qnse_bh

amrex::Real TurbChoice::qnse_bh = amrex::Real(0.2)

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), display(), and init_params().

qnse_bm

amrex::Real TurbChoice::qnse_bm = amrex::Real(0.2)

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

rans_consistent_diffusivities

bool TurbChoice::rans_consistent_diffusivities = false

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

rans_lscale_from_pblh

bool TurbChoice::rans_lscale_from_pblh = false

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

rans_lscale_min

amrex::Real TurbChoice::rans_lscale_min = one

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

rans_realizability

amrex::Real TurbChoice::rans_realizability = zero

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

rans_type

TurbChoice::rans_type = RANSType::None

Selected RANS closure.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosity(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), erf_make_tau_terms(), erf_slow_rhs_post(), erf_slow_rhs_pre(), and init_params().

Ri_crit

TurbChoice::Ri_crit = fourth

Critical Richardson number for stability correction.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), display(), and init_params().

Rt_crit

TurbChoice::Rt_crit = -one

Critical turbulent Reynolds number.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

Rt_min

TurbChoice::Rt_min = -three

Minimum turbulent Reynolds number.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

Sc_t

TurbChoice::Sc_t = one

Turbulent Schmidt number.

Referenced by display(), and init_params().

Sc_t_inv

TurbChoice::Sc_t_inv = one

Inverse turbulent Schmidt number.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), and init_params().

sigma_k

TurbChoice::sigma_k = amrex::Real(0.5)

TKE diffusivity coefficient denominator.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

smag2d

TurbChoice::smag2d = false

Whether the 2-D Smagorinsky formulation is used.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), display(), init_params(), kh_kv_can_differ(), and ERF::ReportTerrainSlopeFactor().

smag2d_kh_cap

TurbChoice::smag2d_kh_cap = zero

Cap K_h <= smag2d_kh_cap * Delta_h for Smagorinsky-2D (m/s); 0 means no cap.

Referenced by ERF::ComputeDt(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), display(), init_params(), and ERF::WarnSteepTerrainAtOpenFaces().

smag2d_limits_requested

TurbChoice::smag2d_limits_requested = false

Whether either Smagorinsky-2D limit was given as on for this level.

Referenced by init_params().

smag2d_slope_limiter

TurbChoice::smag2d_slope_limiter = false

Apply WRF's Smagorinsky-2D slope limiter (K_h / alpha or / alpha^2) on terrain-fitted meshes.

Referenced by ERF::ComputeDt(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), display(), init_params(), ERF::ReportTerrainSlopeFactor(), and ERF::WarnSteepTerrainAtOpenFaces().

strat_type

TurbChoice::strat_type = StratType::theta

Thermodynamic variable used for stability stratification.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), and init_params().

theta_ref

TurbChoice::theta_ref = zero

Reference potential temperature for stable stratification.

Referenced by AddTurbKESources(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

tke_floor

amrex::Real TurbChoice::tke_floor = zero

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityRANS(), display(), and init_params().

tke_min

TurbChoice::tke_min = amrex::Real(1.e-6)

Minimum TKE/QKE value.

Referenced by init_params().

use_keqn

TurbChoice::use_keqn

Initial value:

=
    false

Whether a microscale TKE closure is active.

Referenced by AddTurbKESources(), erf_slow_rhs_post(), and init_params().

use_kturb

TurbChoice::use_kturb = false

Whether any turbulence model is active.

Referenced by ERF::advance_dycore(), ERF::ComputeDt(), erf_make_tau_terms(), erf_slow_rhs_post(), erf_slow_rhs_pre(), ImplicitDiffForMomLU_N(), ImplicitDiffForMomLU_S(), ImplicitDiffForMomLU_T(), and init_params().

use_pbl_tke

TurbChoice::use_pbl_tke

Initial value:

=
    false

Whether a mesoscale PBL TKE closure is active.

Referenced by AddTurbKESources(), and init_params().

use_Ri_correction

TurbChoice::use_Ri_correction = true

Whether Richardson-number correction is applied.

Referenced by ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES(), ComputeTurbulentViscosityLES_EB(), display(), and init_params().

use_tke

TurbChoice::use_tke = false

Whether any TKE or QKE closure is active.

Referenced by erf_slow_rhs_post(), init_params(), and make_sources().

vh96_shear_const_b

TurbChoice::vh96_shear_const_b = amrex::Real(100.0)

Vogelezang & Holtslag (1996) shear-correction constant b.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityMRF(), ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

ysu_moistvars

TurbChoice::ysu_moistvars = false

Whether YSU applies turbulence to moisture variables.

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

ysu_qcloud_threshold

TurbChoice::ysu_qcloud_threshold

Initial value:

=
    amrex::Real(1.0e-4)

Cloud liquid water threshold for YSUNew [kg/kg].

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude

amrex::Real TurbChoice::ysu_rad_tend_limiter_magnitude = amrex::Real(1.0)

Referenced by ComputeDiffusivityYSUNew(), display(), and init_params().

---

The documentation for this struct was generated from the following file:

• Source/DataStructs/ERF_TurbStruct.H